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MINISTRY OF DEFENCE

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  MINISTRY OF DEFENCE. Establishment Of National University In Islamabad Total position. 29 Domicile , All over Pakistan    Qualification  intermediate to bachelor positions . Project Engineer(Civil) account Officer  supervisor assistant office boy     How to apply.   Apply online through the link https://www.fgei-cg.gov.pk/nup-rec.php   Last date to apply  02 April 2023. No TA/DA Fo Interview 
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Introduction and BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY

Introduction and BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY Biology The study of the living thing is called biology. It helps us to understand nature. The biologist study living things but they also study the non living things which affect the living things. ~ life and its Characteristics~   The biologists explain only how life works. Life has following these characteristics A.  The living organisms are highly organised B. They have complex structure. C.their body is composed of one are more cells D. They contain genetic programs of their characteristics E.They can produce and use energy F.Many chemical Reaction takes place in them. G.They can grow in size. H.They maintain constant internal environment. I.They produce offspring. J.They show response to change change in environment. 2.Branches oF BIOLOGY Biology is a vast subject,therefore,biology is divided into many branches for study. A.Embryology The study of the development of an embryo till it is hatched or borne is called...
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Structure of chromosomes:

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Structure Of Chromosomes: Structurally the chromosomes consist of following parts 1. Chromatids 2.centromere or primary construction 3. Chromonema and chromomeres 4. Secondary construction or nuclear organizer 5. Telomere 1 Chromatids Chromosomes consist of two thread like structure called chromatids. 2. Centromere or primary construction: The chromatids are connected with each other by a small round structure called centromere (  In centromere the proteins are present which provide attachment with microtubules are called kinetochore. The position of the centromere is specific in the chromosomes. 3: chromonema and chromonemata: The chromatids are composed of two thin highly coiled filaments called chromonema or chromonemata. Each chromonema contains a double stranded DNA. Both chromonema are coiled in spiral manner and they also contain swellings on their surface called chromomeres ( structural subunit of chromosomes.the arrangement of chromomere struct...
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What are chromosomes?

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Chromosome Chromosome During cell division the chromatin material change into thread like structure called chromosome. Chromosomes are also called physical basis of hereditary. On the chromosomes small bodies are located call genes. There are thousands of genes are present in an organisms.Genes are the unit of heredity. These genes contain hereditary character which are transfered from one generation to another by the help of chromosomes. Chromosomes were discovered by a biologist waldyer in 1876. After that in  1908 Sutton identified the function of chromosomes,that they take part in the transfer of hereditary characters.      ( Next post will be about Structure of chromosomes)
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Neurotransmitters and receptors

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Neurotransmitters and receptors Did you know there are billions of neurons—and trillions of synapses—in your amazing brain? ^1 1 start superscript, 1, end superscript  (No wonder you can learn anything, including neurobiology!) Most of your synapses are  chemical synapses , meaning that information is carried by chemical messengers from one neuron to the next. In the article on synapses, we discussed how synaptic transmission works. Here, we’ll focus on  neurotransmitters , the chemical messengers released from neurons at synapses so that they can “talk” to neighboring cells. We’ll also look at the receptor proteins that let the target cell “hear” the message. Neurotransmitters: Conventional and unconventional There are many different kinds of neurotransmitters, and new ones are still being discovered! Over the years, the very idea of what makes something a neurotransmitter has changed and broadened. Because the definition has expanded, so...
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The Importance of Animal Physiology

The Importance of  Animal Physiology Why is the study of animal physiology important to you and to people in general? Not the least of the reasons is the one we have already emphasized—namely, that a full understanding and appreciation of all the marvels and other phenomena of the animal world depends on an analysis of how animals work. The study of physiology draws us beyond surface impressions into the inner workings of animals, and nearly always this venture is not only a voyage of discovery, but also one of revelation. The study of physiology also has enormous practical applications because physiology is a principal discipline in the understanding of health and disease. The analysis of many human diseases—ranging from aching joints to heart failure—depends on understanding how the “human machine” works. A physician who studies heart disease, for instance, needs to know the forces that make blood flow into the heart chambers between one heartbeat and the next. The physician ...
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What are chromosomes?

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Chromosome Chromosome During cell division the chromatin material change into thread like structure called chromosome. Chromosomes are also called physical basis of hereditary. On the chromosomes small bodies are located call genes. There are thousands of genes are present in an organisms.Genes are the unit of heredity. These genes contain hereditary character which are transfered from one generation to another by the help of chromosomes. Chromosomes were discovered by a biologist waldyer in 1876. After that in  1908 Sutton identified the function of chromosomes,that they take part in the transfer of hereditary characters.      ( Next post will be about Structure of chromosomes)
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