Biology Notes

Methods to control Disease. Vaccination and immunization The dead germ (virus or bacteria) which are injected into the body and produce Anibodies and make the person immune from the attack of that germ is called vaacine and process of injecting vaccine into body is called vaccination The development of immunity in the body as a result of vaccination or live germ is called immunization  Edward Jenner  developed the technique of vaccination in 1795 Cowpox pus is known as vacca. Vacca is a Latin word It neans cow. The term Vaccination is derived from this word vacca. The vacca or pus contains killed germs Edward Jenner injected pus into the body of a person.the person developed immunity  against it. He became immune. the attack of live virus. The individuais are vaccinated at early life for sOme Diseases. They become immune to such disease throughout their life. Many diseases like polio, whooping,cough, measles, mumps etc are controlled by vaccination...

BIOLOGY AND ThE SERVICS OF MANKIND  It help in many ways like increasing the food level,controlling the disease and protecting  environment. FOOD PRODUCTION Food production  is increased by following process 1. The Scientists use the prinejples of genetics to improve the existing Varities of the crops and livestock and like wheat, rice, corn and chicken.  The techniques which are used to improve the varieties of the crops are given below. Genetic engineering:  The manipulation of genes is called genetic engineering. It can produce transgenic plants. The plants which have foreign DNA in their cells called transgenic plants. Cloning:  The production of the, genetically identical copies of the Cells or Organisms which are reproduced asexually  ars called cloning. Cloning can make multiple copies of desired genotype. Tissue culture: In this process  Tissue of plant ate reproduced,called tissue culture 2.Cont...

Bioelements The elements found in the living organisms are called bioelements. A living thing is composed of a living substance called protoplasm. Different substance that make up cell are collectively called protoplasm(water,electrolyte, protein,carbohydrate and lipid? There are 92 chemical elements only 16 elements are use in the chemical compounds in the living organisms.these 16 elements are called bioelements. The properties of these 16 elements are different from the element that are present in the non living. There are two types of bioelements 1.Major bioelements The elements present in larger quantity in the body are called major bioelements.these are only 6 bioelements.the form 99% body of human. Oxygen 65% Carbon 18% Hydrogen10% Nitrogen 3% Calcium 2% Phosphoorus 1% 2.Bioelements The elements found in the living organisms are called bioelements. A living thing is composed of a living substance called protoplasm. Different substance that make up cell are c...

Levels of biological organizations The study of biology at different levels is called biological organizations. Biological level starts from the very basic level of sub-atomic and atomic particles to the organisms itself .After that community population and entire world are studied. 1 Atomic and sub atomic level All the living and non living organisms are made up of atoms.these atoms are composed of subatomic particles like proton electron and neutron. 2. Molecular level The atoms combine with each other to form molecules.molecules are formed by ionic or covalent bonds.most of the biological molecules contain hydrogen carbon Nitrogen,Phosphorus and sulphur.there are two types of biological may lecules A.Micromolecules They have low molecular weight.like CO2, H2O etc B.Macromolecules They have high molecular weight like starch,protein etc *Organic molecules Contain both carbon and hydrogen together are called organic molecules *inorganic molecules Without carbon and...