MINISTRY OF DEFENCE

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  MINISTRY OF DEFENCE. Establishment Of National University In Islamabad Total position. 29 Domicile , All over Pakistan    Qualification  intermediate to bachelor positions . Project Engineer(Civil) account Officer  supervisor assistant office boy     How to apply.   Apply online through the link https://www.fgei-cg.gov.pk/nup-rec.php   Last date to apply  02 April 2023. No TA/DA Fo Interview 
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Excretion And Thermo regulation in plants

Excretion And Thermo regulation in plants

Excretion in plants
In excretion unwanted toxic material and nitrogenous waste are removed from the body. In plants the rate of catabolic processes is sloW so waste products are produced in less amount, and they are used again in their anabolic processes. ii) In plants the nitrogenous waste products are also used in the chemical processes, and not removed from the body. iii) Mostily carbohydrates, are used in metabolic processes, so CO2 and water produced. The substances which are produced in excess amount are: (A) Water (B) CO2 and Oz (C) lons
Removal of Water
Extra amount of water is removed from the body of plant by two methods: (i) Transpiration: When extra amount of water is removed from the body of plant in the form of vapours is called transpiration, And ittakes place through stomata of leaves. ii) Guttation In this process water is excreted from the body by hydathodes in the form of small drops. It occurs in those plants which grow in tropical rain forests.
B)Release of oxygen O2 and Carbon dioxide (CO2)
During photosynthesis plants use CO2 and release O2,but when there is no photosynthesis and during respiration the plants use O2 and release CO2.
C) Ions
in the body the extra amount of ions are combined with organic compounds,then they are deposited in dead cells of the body such as Heartwood and bark or sometimes in other cells of the body.

Thermoregulation in Plants.

Thermo-regulation in Plants: It is the process in which temoerature is maintained till suitable limits. The normal range is 10°C to 35°C. When change occurs in temperature,body is badly affected. Low temperature and high temperature both have great infuenence upon metabolic processes of cells and as well as on cell membrane. The adaptations of plants to low and high temperature:
Low Temperature: (i) At low temperature the fluid nature of cell membrane is changed. And transport of solutes through cell membrane become slow.
ii) At freezing point temperature ice-crystals are formed in the cells,but plants of cold region Change the composition of solutes in the cells,so crystals are not formed in cytoplasm, but they may be formed in cell wall,this condition to s known as freezing tolerance.

High temperature
I)High temperature badly affect the plants and destroy enzymes.
ii) stomata are close to stop transpiration.
iii)At above 40°C some heat shock proteins
are formed to protect the enzymes from destroying and denaturing.
iv) sometime wilting of leaves occurs to avoid the high temperature.

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