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MINISTRY OF DEFENCE

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  MINISTRY OF DEFENCE. Establishment Of National University In Islamabad Total position. 29 Domicile , All over Pakistan    Qualification  intermediate to bachelor positions . Project Engineer(Civil) account Officer  supervisor assistant office boy     How to apply.   Apply online through the link https://www.fgei-cg.gov.pk/nup-rec.php   Last date to apply  02 April 2023. No TA/DA Fo Interview 
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Proteins (Definition,Structure,Classification and Function)

Proteins (Definition Structure,Classification and Function) Proteins Proteins are the most functionally molecules of the biological system. The term protein is derived from Greak word Proteeious means first. The name of protein was suggested by a scientist Berzelins in 1838. Protein are the organic compounds,compose of carbon,oxygen,hydrogen, nitrogen,sulphur and some time phosphorous. They occur in every part of cell and constitute about 50% of the dry weight of cell. Proteins are formed from amino acids joined in the form of a chain. Amino acids are a group of organic compounds containing two functional group amino and carboxyl. The amino group (-NH2) is basic while Carboxyl group (-COOH) is acidic in nature. They are made up of 20 standard amino acids. Structure of protein According to structure there are four types: 1.Primary structure When amino acids are arranged in linear manner in a polypeptide chain,it is called primary structure. SECONDARY Structure: When ami...
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Neurotransmitters and receptors

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Neurotransmitters and receptors Did you know there are billions of neurons—and trillions of synapses—in your amazing brain? ^1 1 start superscript, 1, end superscript  (No wonder you can learn anything, including neurobiology!) Most of your synapses are  chemical synapses , meaning that information is carried by chemical messengers from one neuron to the next. In the article on synapses, we discussed how synaptic transmission works. Here, we’ll focus on  neurotransmitters , the chemical messengers released from neurons at synapses so that they can “talk” to neighboring cells. We’ll also look at the receptor proteins that let the target cell “hear” the message. Neurotransmitters: Conventional and unconventional There are many different kinds of neurotransmitters, and new ones are still being discovered! Over the years, the very idea of what makes something a neurotransmitter has changed and broadened. Because the definition has expanded, so...
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The Importance of Animal Physiology

The Importance of  Animal Physiology Why is the study of animal physiology important to you and to people in general? Not the least of the reasons is the one we have already emphasized—namely, that a full understanding and appreciation of all the marvels and other phenomena of the animal world depends on an analysis of how animals work. The study of physiology draws us beyond surface impressions into the inner workings of animals, and nearly always this venture is not only a voyage of discovery, but also one of revelation. The study of physiology also has enormous practical applications because physiology is a principal discipline in the understanding of health and disease. The analysis of many human diseases—ranging from aching joints to heart failure—depends on understanding how the “human machine” works. A physician who studies heart disease, for instance, needs to know the forces that make blood flow into the heart chambers between one heartbeat and the next. The physician ...
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What are chromosomes?

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Chromosome Chromosome During cell division the chromatin material change into thread like structure called chromosome. Chromosomes are also called physical basis of hereditary. On the chromosomes small bodies are located call genes. There are thousands of genes are present in an organisms.Genes are the unit of heredity. These genes contain hereditary character which are transfered from one generation to another by the help of chromosomes. Chromosomes were discovered by a biologist waldyer in 1876. After that in  1908 Sutton identified the function of chromosomes,that they take part in the transfer of hereditary characters.      ( Next post will be about Structure of chromosomes)
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