MINISTRY OF DEFENCE

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  MINISTRY OF DEFENCE. Establishment Of National University In Islamabad Total position. 29 Domicile , All over Pakistan    Qualification  intermediate to bachelor positions . Project Engineer(Civil) account Officer  supervisor assistant office boy     How to apply.   Apply online through the link https://www.fgei-cg.gov.pk/nup-rec.php   Last date to apply  02 April 2023. No TA/DA Fo Interview 
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Mitochondria


Mitochondria 


Mitochondria

Mitochondria are very important organelles they are present only in Eukaryotic cell they are involved in manufacturing and supply of energy to the cell.mitochondria have the ability to form the energy rich compound ATP by oxidative phosphorylation.
 mitochondria called powerhouse of cell, mitochondria are the centre of aerobic respiration.
The size and number of Mitochondria is different in different cells. it is about 0.2 to 1.0 nanometre in diameter and about 10 micrometre long. each Eukaryotic cell may have hundreds to thousands  of Mitochondria.

Structure Of Mitochondria:


mitochondria are double membrane bounded organelles,the outer membrane is smooth and the inner membrane forms many infolding called Cristae . the inner Chamber of Mitochondria is called mitochondrial matrix,the inner surface of cristae contains small Nobe like structure called F1 particles,these particle are suspended inside the matrix. the Cristae increase the surface area for chemical reaction,a mitochondria usually multiply when a cell needs to produce more energy.

chemical composition


 The chemical composition of the mitochondri vraries in different animal and plant cell. mitochondria contains 65% to 70% proteins,25% to 30% lipids, 0.5% RNA and small amount of the DNA.
 The mitochondrial Matrix contain a large number of enzymes,coenzyme organicand inorganic salts.
 Mitochondria also contains ribosomes so they can synthesis their own proteins.
The amount of DNA is less in mitochondria than nuclear DNA,Human mitochondrial DNA has 16500 base pairs while nuclear DNA has 3.2 billion base pairs.
99% of the protein in the mitochondria are the product of nuclear genes. mitochondria only codes for 13 proteins.

Formation
Mitochondria are self replicating organelles. it means new mitochondria are formed by the division of the old mitochondria.

Function of Mitochondria:

Many important metabolic process takes place in mitochondria these are kreb's cycle, aerobic respiration and fatty acid metabolism etc.
the energy is released from organic food during these metabolic process, this energy is transferred to energy rich compounds ATP,ATP provides energy to cell on demand and ATP is broken to ADP,this ADP  absorbs energy from mitochondria and again becomes ATP.

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