MINISTRY OF DEFENCE

Image
  MINISTRY OF DEFENCE. Establishment Of National University In Islamabad Total position. 29 Domicile , All over Pakistan    Qualification  intermediate to bachelor positions . Project Engineer(Civil) account Officer  supervisor assistant office boy     How to apply.   Apply online through the link https://www.fgei-cg.gov.pk/nup-rec.php   Last date to apply  02 April 2023. No TA/DA Fo Interview 
Post a Comment

Cytoskeleton,(Microtubules,Intermediate Filament,Microfilament

Cytoskeleton (Microtubules,Intermediate Filament,Microfilament


Cytoskeleton:
skeleton of cell maintain the structure of cell.
 permits the cell to change shape and move. Cytoskeleton composed of microtubules,microfilaments and intermediate filaments.

microtubules



Microtubule

they are long  unbranched and slender structure.

==> Road inside cell for transportation.

 Made up of two Globular protein,Alpha tubulin and  beta tubulin,they are involved in the formation and degeneration of spindle during cell division.
==> Several cell organelle are derived from microtubules,these organelles are cilia,flagella,basal bodies and Centriole.
==> They provide the tracks along with several different molecular moters move,transport vesicle, organelles such as secretary granules and mitochondria.
==> The anticancer paclitaxel  (taxol) binds to microtubules and make them so stable so that organelles can't move, mitotic spindle can't form and the cell die.
==> Constant assembly and disassembly.

Intermediate Filament

Provide support and strength to the cell as Steel rods in building which give strength and shape to building.
==> Connect the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane.
==> They maintain the shape of cell.
==> They are involved in integration of cell components
==> Form of flexible scaffolding for the cell and help it resist external pressure.
==> Absence of intermediate filament causes self rupture and when they are abnormal in human blistering
==> Support to hear
==> Nail,Skin,Hair and horn are made up of intermediate filament.

 microfilaments
==> 4 to 6 nm diameter that are made up of actin.
 ==> Actin is associated with muscle contraction.
==> It is present in all types of cell.
==> Actin is associated with muscle contraction.
==> It is present in all types of cell.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Neurotransmitters and receptors

Image
Neurotransmitters and receptors Did you know there are billions of neurons—and trillions of synapses—in your amazing brain? ^1 1 start superscript, 1, end superscript  (No wonder you can learn anything, including neurobiology!) Most of your synapses are  chemical synapses , meaning that information is carried by chemical messengers from one neuron to the next. In the article on synapses, we discussed how synaptic transmission works. Here, we’ll focus on  neurotransmitters , the chemical messengers released from neurons at synapses so that they can “talk” to neighboring cells. We’ll also look at the receptor proteins that let the target cell “hear” the message. Neurotransmitters: Conventional and unconventional There are many different kinds of neurotransmitters, and new ones are still being discovered! Over the years, the very idea of what makes something a neurotransmitter has changed and broadened. Because the definition has expanded, some recently discovered n
Read more

Excretion in Invertibrate,(Excretion in Planaria, Excretion in Earthworm,Excretion in Cockroach)

Image
Excretion in Invertibrate Excretion in Planaria Habitat : Planaria is a fresh water invertebrate.   Excretory product: planaria remove ammonia and it is ammonotlic. This excretion occurs by two methods, diffusion, specialized excretory system. Excretory organs: Planaria has simple tubular excretory system called protonephiridia. Protonephridia arranged in two longitudinal trunk one on each side of the body. Each track consists of a network of tubules without internal openings. These tubules divide into small branches which open in flame cells. Tubules open on the outside by small opening called nephridiophores. Structure of flame cell: Flame cells are club shaped hollow cells. Each flame cell contains nucleus, cytoplasm and internal cavity. Group of cilia is present in the cavity. Cilia perform a movement like a flame of candle. Flame cells also has many cytoplasmic elongations. Mechanism of excretion: Flame cells absorb wastes and push them into the cavit
Read more

Waste Products Of Animals

Image
Nitrogenous Wastes Of Animal: Waste Products Of Animals: The nitrogenous wastes are urea,ammonia and uric acid . These all wastes are not removed by the same animal. These wastes are produced and excreted by different animal which are living in different habitats. The type of nitrogenous waste and their excretion depend upon the habitat of an animal. 1.Ammonia (NH3): It is the excretory product of aquatic animals ,developes by the break down of amino acids,harmful to the living cells,excreted by diffusion and highly soluble in water. About 500 ml of water is needed to remove one gram of ammonia . Animals those excrete ammonia are called ammonotelic . Examples: Eartworm, protozians, sponges and fishes etc. 2.Urea {CO (NH2)2}: It is the excretory products of mostly land animals ,produced by the liver from ammonia,less toxic than ammonia and can be store in the body for short time. One gram of urea require 50 ml of water for excretion. Animals those remove urea are
Read more