MINISTRY OF DEFENCE

Image
  MINISTRY OF DEFENCE. Establishment Of National University In Islamabad Total position. 29 Domicile , All over Pakistan    Qualification  intermediate to bachelor positions . Project Engineer(Civil) account Officer  supervisor assistant office boy     How to apply.   Apply online through the link https://www.fgei-cg.gov.pk/nup-rec.php   Last date to apply  02 April 2023. No TA/DA Fo Interview 
Post a Comment

Lysosomes (Structure and Function)

Lysosomes (Structure and Function)


(Lysosomes in Urdu)

Lysosomes


lysosomes
The word lysosome is taken from Greek word (Lyso= digestive,splitting+ soma=body)
so, they are concerned with breaking activities. These are present in most animals and few plants cell .
They are absent in bacteria and mature mammalian erythrocyte.

Structure


Lysosome are 0.5 to 0.2 micro metre in size.
They are bounded by a single membrane, this membrane forms a simple check and  this sac contains several hydrolytic enzymes like acid phosphatase.

According to a recent estimate a lysosome contain up to 40 types of hydrolytic enzymes.
All lysosomal enzymes are acid hydrolysis optimally active at the pH 5 maintained within lysosomes.

Formation

They are formed by Golgi bodies.
Kinds of Lysosomes
Morphologically there are four types.
 The first is primary lysosome and other three (heterophagosome, autophagosome And residual bodies) have been grouped together as secondary lysosome.
Disease (storage Disease)
Over 30 disorder have been reported.

several inborne disease are caused due to accumulation of certain substance like glycogen and glycolipids.
These disease are caused due to mutation (change in gene).
Glycogenesis Type ii
In this disease the enzyme which breaks the glycogen into glucose is absent so glycogen is filled in the membranous bound organelles of the cells of the muscle and liver cells.
Tay Sach's disease
In this disease the enzymes which are involved in the Catabolism  of lipid are absent.
 It causes accumulation of lipids in brain cells.
 This disease may cause mental retardation and even death.
Gaucher's Disease
Liver and spleen enlargement, erosion of long bones, mental retardation in infantile form only.
Krabbe's Disease
loss  of myelin, mental retardation, death by Age 2.

Lysosomes in Urdu

Related Article

 Endoplasmic reticulum

Lysosomes

Cell wall

Centrosome and Golgi bodies

Molecular motors

Nucleus

Cytoskeleton

Mitochondria

Plasma membrane


Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Neurotransmitters and receptors

Image
Neurotransmitters and receptors Did you know there are billions of neurons—and trillions of synapses—in your amazing brain? ^1 1 start superscript, 1, end superscript  (No wonder you can learn anything, including neurobiology!) Most of your synapses are  chemical synapses , meaning that information is carried by chemical messengers from one neuron to the next. In the article on synapses, we discussed how synaptic transmission works. Here, we’ll focus on  neurotransmitters , the chemical messengers released from neurons at synapses so that they can “talk” to neighboring cells. We’ll also look at the receptor proteins that let the target cell “hear” the message. Neurotransmitters: Conventional and unconventional There are many different kinds of neurotransmitters, and new ones are still being discovered! Over the years, the very idea of what makes something a neurotransmitter has changed and broadened. Because the definition has expanded, some recently discovered n
Read more

The Importance of Animal Physiology

The Importance of  Animal Physiology Why is the study of animal physiology important to you and to people in general? Not the least of the reasons is the one we have already emphasized—namely, that a full understanding and appreciation of all the marvels and other phenomena of the animal world depends on an analysis of how animals work. The study of physiology draws us beyond surface impressions into the inner workings of animals, and nearly always this venture is not only a voyage of discovery, but also one of revelation. The study of physiology also has enormous practical applications because physiology is a principal discipline in the understanding of health and disease. The analysis of many human diseases—ranging from aching joints to heart failure—depends on understanding how the “human machine” works. A physician who studies heart disease, for instance, needs to know the forces that make blood flow into the heart chambers between one heartbeat and the next. The physician also
Read more

What are chromosomes?

Image
Chromosome Chromosome During cell division the chromatin material change into thread like structure called chromosome. Chromosomes are also called physical basis of hereditary. On the chromosomes small bodies are located call genes. There are thousands of genes are present in an organisms.Genes are the unit of heredity. These genes contain hereditary character which are transfered from one generation to another by the help of chromosomes. Chromosomes were discovered by a biologist waldyer in 1876. After that in  1908 Sutton identified the function of chromosomes,that they take part in the transfer of hereditary characters.      ( Next post will be about Structure of chromosomes)
Read more